Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-
dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them. These points are usually on the surface of the
Earth, and they are often used to establish land maps and boundaries for ownership or governmental purposes. To accomplish
their objective, surveyors use elements of mathematics (geometry and trigonometry), physics, engineering and law. An
alternative definition, per the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM), is the science and art of making all
essential measurements to determine the relative position of points or physical and cultural details above, on, or beneath the
surface of the Earth, and to depict them in a usable form, or to establish the position of points or details.
